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Consumption Factor Theory


Millimeter Wave Coalition Presentation


Consumption Factory (CF) theory Waste Factor (W) and Consumption Efficiency Factor (CEF)
: Two new metrics to reduce wasted power and maximize energy use.

Presented by Prof. Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport, Founding Director, NYU WIRELESS

February 23, 2023

References:

A Power Efficiency Metric for Comparing Energy Consumption in Future Wireless Networks in the Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Bands

O. Kanhere, H. Poddar, Y. Xing, D. Shakya, S. Ju and T. S. Rappaport, “A Power Efficiency Metric for Comparing Energy Consumption in Future Wireless Networks in the Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Bands,” in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 56-63, December 2022, doi: 10.1109/MWC.005.2200083.

Consumption Factor and Power-Efficiency Factor: A Theory for Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of Cascaded Communication Systems

J. N. Murdock and T. S. Rappaport, “Consumption Factor and Power-Efficiency Factor: A Theory for Evaluating the Energy Efficiency of Cascaded Communication Systems,” in IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 221-236, February 2014, doi: 10.1109/JSAC.2014.141204.

State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications 

T. S. Rappaport, J. N. Murdock and F. Gutierrez, “State of the Art in 60-GHz Integrated Circuits and Systems for Wireless Communications,” in Proceedings of the IEEE, vol. 99, no. 8, pp. 1390-1436, Aug. 2011, doi: 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2143650.


Webinar Presenter:

Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport is the David Lee/Ernst Weber Professor at New York University (NYU) and holds faculty appointments in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, the Courant Computer Science Department, and the NYU Langone School of Medicine. He founded NYU WIRELESS, a multidisciplinary research center, and the wireless research centers at the University of Texas Austin (WNCG) and Virginia Tech (MPRG). His research has provided fundamental knowledge of wireless channels used to create the first Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.11), the first U.S. digital TDMA and CDMA standards, the first public Wi-Fi hotspots, and more recently proved the viability of millimeter-wave and sub-THz frequencies for 5G, 6G, and beyond. He co-founded two wireless communications companies that were sold to publicly traded firms. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, and the Wireless History Foundation Hall of Fame.

Panel Discussion: The Spectrum above 100 GHz

Recorded Webinar: September 29, 2022

Topic:

The Spectrum above 100 GHz: Reality Check by the mmWave Coalition

Abstract:

Wireless communications in the sub-terahertz and terahertz (THz) bands (or broadly speaking, from 100 GHz up to 10 THz) have been envisioned by both academia and industry as a key enabler of future sixth generation (6G) wireless networks. In the last five years, there has been major progress towards closing the so-called THz gap: testing, infrastructure and user technologies are quickly evolving; misconceptions relating to terahertz-wave propagation and interference have been cleared; and innovative signal processing, communication and networking protocols have been proposed; all while new question marks have risen, such as those concerning to the security of terahertz links or the coexistence between active and passive users of the spectrum above 100 GHz.

In this interactive panel, several members of the mmWave Coalition will provide an updated look at the opportunities and challenges in the spectrum above 100 GHz and jointly identify the next key milestones for the practical development and adoption of the field.

Panelists

Mark Cudak, Nokia
Moderator

Mark Cudak, Nokia

Mark Cudak is a Nokia Bell Labs Fellow and a Department Head in the Radio Interface and Access Group with Nokia Standards in Chicago. He leads a team focusing on air-interface evolution including 5G and 6G. He and his team are active in the 3GPP and Open RAN standards working on physical layer topics studying system performance, link performance, transceiver architectures, network architectures and deployment scenarios. Prior to joining Nokia in 2011, Mark was with Motorola for 20 years where he worked on a variety of wireless data systems including APCO 25 and cellular standards from 2G to 4G. Mark has over 40 issued patents, was a Motorola Dan Noble Fellow and holds a M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Amitava Ghosh, Nokia
Topic: THz Communications Applications

Amitava Ghosh, Nokia

Amitabha (Amitava) Ghosh (F’15) is a Nokia Fellow and works at Nokia Standards and Strategy. He joined Motorola in 1990 after receiving his Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Southern Methodist University, Dallas. Since joining Motorola he worked on multiple wireless technologies starting from IS-95, cdma-2000, 1xEV-DV/1XTREME, 1xEV-DO, UMTS, HSPA, 802.16e/WiMAX and 3GPP LTE. He has 60 issued patents, has written multiple book chapters and has authored numerous external and internal technical papers. He is currently working on 5G Evolution and 6G technologies. Recently, he was elected chair of the NextGA (an US 6G initiative) National Roadmap Working Group. His research interests are in the area of digital communications, signal processing and wireless communications. He is the recipient of 2016 IEEE Stephen O. Rice and 2017 Neal Shephard prize, member of IEEE Access editorial board and co-author of the books titled “Essentials of LTE and LTE-A” and “5G Enabled Industrial IoT Network”.

Ozge Koymen, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.
Topic: THz Communications

Ozge-Koymen-Qualcomm-Technologies

Ozge Koymen is a Senior Director of Technology at Qualcomm Technologies, Inc. where he has been since 2006. He has led the 5G/6G millimeter-wave program within Qualcomm R&D since early 2015, from early conceptual evaluation to commercial deployment. His previous areas as a technical contributor includes Wireless Backhaul, Small Cells, LTE-D, LTE and UMB.

Prior to Qualcomm, he was a member of Flarion Technologies developing a pioneering OFDMA cellular system, Flash-OFDM, during 2003-2006. His earlier work experience includes full-time and consulting work for Impinj, Inc. (2000-2003) and TRW (1996-2000).

He received the B.S. in Electrical and Computer Engineering from Carnegie Mellon University in 1996 and the M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University in 1997 and 2003, respectively.

Michael J. Marcus, Marcus Spectrum Solutions
Topic: Spectrum Policy

Michael Marcus, Marcus Spectrum Solutions

Michael J. Marcus is a native of Boston and received S.B. and Sc.D. degrees in electrical engineering from MIT. Prior to joining the FCC in 1979, he worked at Bell Labs on the theory of telephone switching, served in the U.S. Air Force where he was involved in underground nuclear test detection research, and analyzed electronic warfare issues at the Institute for Defense Analyses. At FCC his work focused on proposing and developing policies for cutting edge radio technologies such as spread spectrum/CDMA and millimeter waves. Wi-Fi is one outcome of his early leadership. The total amount of spectrum he proposed for unlicensed use and directed the drafting of implementing rules was 8.234 GHz. He also participated in complex spectrum sharing policy formulation involving rulemakings such as ultrawideband and MVDDS. Awarded a Mike Mansfield Fellowship in 1997, he studied the Japanese language and spent a year at the FCC’s Japanese counterpart. He retired from FCC in March 2004 after servicing a senior technical advisor to the Spectrum Policy Task Force and codirecting the preparation of the FCC’s cognitive radio rulemaking. Immediately after retirement he lived in Paris France for 3 years, consulting for US and European clients. In 2006 he was appointed Special Advisor to Mrs. Viviane Reding, European Commissioner for Information Society & Media.He is now Director of Marcus Spectrum Solutions LLC, an independent consulting firm based in the Washington DC area focusing on wireless technology and policy. He is also Adjunct Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Principal Research Scientist, Institute for the Wireless Internet of Things at Northeastern University. He was recognized as a Fellow of the IEEE “for leadership in the development of spectrum management policies”, received in 1994 IEEE-USA’s first Electrotechnology Transfer Award, and received in 2013 the IEEE ComSoc Award for Public Service in the Field of Telecommunications “For pioneering spectrum policy initiatives that created modern unlicensed spectrum bands for applications that have changed our world.

Daniel Mittleman, Brown University
Topic: THz Security

 Dan Mittleman, Brown University.

Dr. Mittleman received his B.S. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1988, and his M.S. in 1990 and Ph.D. in 1994, both in physics from the University of California, Berkeley, under the direction of Dr. Charles Shank. He then joined AT&T Bell Laboratories as a post-doctoral member of the technical staff. Dr. Mittleman joined the ECE Department at Rice University in September 1996. In 2015, he moved to the School of Engineering at Brown University. His research interests involve the science and technology of terahertz radiation. He is a Fellow of the OSA, the APS, and the IEEE, and is a 2018 recipient of the Humboldt Research Award. In 2018-2020, he served a three-year term as Chair of the International Society for Infrared Millimeter and Terahertz Waves, and received the Society’s Exceptional Service Award in 2022.

Roger Nichols, Keysight Technologies
Topic: THz Equipment

Roger Nichols, Keysight

Roger Nichols is an acknowledged subject matter expert in mobile wireless communications design and measurement technologies. He has 37 years of engineering and management experience at Hewlett-Packard, Agilent, and Keysight Technologies spanning roles in R&D, marketing, and manufacturing. Having worked on every wireless generation he has been directing Keysight’s 6G program since its inception in 2019. He is a member of the FCC Technical Advisory Council and is also the strategic director of Keysight’s work in wireless standards.
Roger holds a BSEE from the University of Colorado, Boulder.

Ted Rappaport, NYU WIRELESS
Topic: THz Propagation

Theodore Rappaport

Theodore S. Rappaport is the David Lee/Ernst Weber Professor at New York University (NYU) and holds faculty appointments in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, the Courant Computer Science Department, and the NYU Langone School of Medicine. He founded NYU WIRELESS, a multidisciplinary research center, and the wireless research centers at the University of Texas Austin (WNCG) and Virginia Tech (MPRG). His research has provided fundamental knowledge of wireless channels used to create the first Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.11), the first U.S. digital cellular TDMA and CDMA standards, the first public Wi-Fi hotspots, and more recently proved the viability of millimeter-wave and sub-THz frequencies for the cellular industry’s push to 5G, 6G, and beyond. He has authored popular engineering textbooks and co-founded two wireless communications companies that were sold to publicly traded firms. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, and is a member of the Wireless History Foundation Hall of Fame. He founded TSR Technologies, Inc. and Wireless Valley Communications, Inc., which were both sold to publicly traded companies.

Gerhard Schoenthal, Virginia Diodes, Inc.
Topic: THz Hardware

Gerhard Schoenthal, VDI

Gerhard received his BS in Physics from the US Naval Academy in 1992 and his Ph.D. in Physics from the University of Virginia in 2003. After graduating from the Naval Academy, he served on active duty in the US Navy for 5 years on the USS Chandler and the USS John A. Moore. After graduate school, he worked as a Senior Process Engineer at Intel PTD in 2003 and 2004. For the past 18 years, he has served in many roles at Virginia Diodes, Inc. the world’s leading mmWave and THz test and measurement and components company where he is currently the Chief Operations Officer.

What the future holds for 6G and beyond

Decades of Research into Millimeter Wave and Sub-THz Wireless Communication Results, Surprises, and more

Recorded Webinar
October 27, 2021
Presented by Prof. Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport, Founding Director, NYU WIRELESS

Presenter:

Theodore (Ted) S. Rappaport is the David Lee/Ernst Weber Professor at New York University (NYU) and holds faculty appointments in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, the Courant Computer Science Department, and the NYU Langone School of Medicine. He founded NYU WIRELESS, a multidisciplinary research center, and the wireless research centers at the University of Texas Austin (WNCG) and Virginia Tech (MPRG). His research has provided fundamental knowledge of wireless channels used to create the first Wi-Fi standard (IEEE 802.11), the first U.S. digital TDMA and CDMA standards, the first public Wi-Fi hotspots, and more recently proved the viability of millimeter-wave and sub-THz frequencies for 5G, 6G, and beyond. He co-founded two wireless communications companies that were sold to publicly traded firms. He is a member of the National Academy of Engineering, a Fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, and the Wireless History Foundation Hall of Fame.

Going 6G

New Sub Terahertz R&D Testbed for 6G Research

Recorded Webinar
September 22, 2021
Presented by Greg Jue, Keysight Technologies

Abstract:

Sub-Terahertz (sub-THz) frequencies (100-300 GHz) with extreme modulation bandwidths are part of early 6G research. This presents many unknowns. One of those unknowns is exploring the level of system performance that is achievable and reasonable given new frequency bands, extreme modulation bandwidths, and new waveforms. This webinar will provide insight into this by discussing new sub- terahertz system-level design and test challenges presented by 6G. EVM measurement results at 140 GHz will be shown with varying waveforms and bandwidths up to an occupied bandwidth of 10 GHz. Low Signal-to-Noise (SNR) ratios are a challenge for wide bandwidth waveforms at sub-THz frequencies. Preamble and pilot-aided synchronization and channel estimation will be discussed to achieve more robust demodulation in low SNR environments. Understanding and addressing channel impairments at sub-THz frequencies will be another challenge. Sub-THz channel sounding will be discussed and the testbed receiver will be customized with a real-time adaptive equalizer FPGA implementation to address channel impairments.

Presenter:

Greg Jue is a 6G System Engineer at Keysight Technologies working on emerging millimeter-wave applications beyond 110 GHz. Greg authored Keysight’s new whitepaper “A New Sub-Terahertz Testbed for 6G Research”, and was a technical contributor to Keysight’s new “Engineering the 5G World” ebook. Greg wrote the design simulation section in Agilent Technologies LTE book, and has authored numerous articles, presentations, application notes, and whitepapers including Keysight’s “Implementing a Flexible Testbed for 5G Waveform Generation and Analysis”. Before joining HP/Agilent, Greg worked on system design for the Deep Space Network at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Caltech University.

Advancing THz Technology

THz Technology: The Move from Scientific to Commercial Applications – 6G, Space & More

Recorded Webinar
August 4, 2021
Presented by Jeffrey L Hesler, Virginia Diodes

Abstract:
The Terahertz field has long been used for a wide variety of scientific applications, ranging from radio astronomy, spectroscopy, fusion plasma diagnostics, and more. The potential of non-scientific applications of THz has been understood for many years, but technological limits slowed the advance of these applications. The past decade has seen dramatic advances in transistor technology that is now enabling rapid progress in a variety of applications, ranging from basic test & measurement, ultra-wideband communications, and the use of THz radiometers in space for next generation commercial weather forecasting. This talk will describe the various THz technologies involved, and give examples of recent projects at Virginia Diodes aimed at advancing THz technology for both scientific and commercial applications.

Presenter:
Jeffrey L Hesler is the Chief Technology Officer of Virginia Diodes and has a visiting position at the University of Virginia. For more than 25 years he has been working on creating new technologies that utilize the Terahertz (THz) frequency band for scientific, defense, and industrial applications. He has published over 200 technical papers in journals and international conferences proceedings, is a member of IEEE Technical Committee MTT-21 (THz Technology and Applications) and is a co-Editor of the IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. Terahertz systems based on his innovative designs are now used in hundreds of research laboratories throughout the world.

View more videos from Virginia Diodes: https://www.vadiodes.com/en/resources/videos

The Terahertz Frontier

What will the world look like in 2030?

Tech 2030: Podcast Episode

Dr. Ted Rappaport and Renuka Racha discuss what lies beyond 5G and how the next generation of mobile connectivity will impact our lives in the coming decade.

Tech 2030 is a 6GWorld podcast hosted by Renuka Racha and produced & edited by Caio Colagrande Castro.

Spectrum Frontiers: Terahertz

Recorded Webinar
February 17, 2021
Presented by Professor Theodore Rappaport, NYU WIRELESS

Presentation by Professor Theodore (Ted) Rappaort to the member companies of the NYU WIRELESS Industrial Affiliates Program. In this mini-lecture series Ted gives an overview of the expansion of communications into the Terahertz frequency spectrum.

Summaries of the results of experiments at the NYU campus provide insight into the development of communications potential at these very high frequencies (100++ GHz). Also discussed are the required behaviors of antennas, and the need to study the important topic of potential safety aspects of these higher frequencies.

As Ted says, “There is clear sailing up to 800 GHz.”

To learn more, see these links

[1] Y. Xing and T. S. Rappaport, “Terahertz Wireless Communications: Research Issues and Challenges for Active and Passive Systems in Space and on the Ground above 100 GHz (Invited Paper),” submitted to 2021 IEEE Communications Letters, Feb. 2021, pp. 1-5. https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00604

[2] Y. Xing, T. S. Rappaport, and A. Ghosh, “Millimeter Wave and sub-THz Indoor Radio Propagation Channel Measurements, Models, and Comparisons in an Office Environment (Invited Paper),” submitted to 2021 IEEE Communications Letters, Feb. 2021, pp. 1-5. https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.00385

[3] Y. Xing and T. S. Rappaport, “Propagation Measurements and Path Loss Models for sub-THz in Urban Microcells,” 2021 IEEE International Conference on Communications, June 2021, pp. 1-6. https://arxiv.org/pdf/2103.01151.pdf

US246 Petition For Rulemaking

Amendment of Footnote US246 of ) Section 2.106 of the Commission’s Rules ) To Enable More Efficient Interference-Free ) Sharing of Spectrum Above 95 GHz

August 9, 2019

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